How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe ADHD is a normal child's issue, but it can also affect adults. Diagnosed and treated for ADHD an individual can live a better life.
A diagnosis for ADHD may involve interviewing the patient and their family members. The specialist could look through old school records to determine whether symptoms began in the early years of childhood.
Signs and symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time-to-time However, for those who suffers from ADHD, these problems interfere with work, school and even home life. To be diagnosed with the disorder, one must exhibit severe symptoms in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly impair everyday functioning. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.
To determine a diagnosis, a doctor will interview the patient about their symptoms and inquire about family medical history and any medical issues. They may also employ rating systems to assess symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These include questions regarding symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity and the tendency to be impulsive.
Adults might be asked to talk to their spouse or someone they know well. This isn't to question honesty, but to gain a better understanding of the behavior of a person that cannot be gleaned from a questionnaire. They might inquire about their childhood behaviors and consult old school records to determine if symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will perform an examination and tests in the lab to rule out other health issues, like thyroid issues or head injuries that may cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the patient's medication list. Certain medications for depression, high blood pressure and other ailments may interact with stimulants, and the doctor will consider these when recommending treatments. It is essential that adults talk to their primary health care providers in the event that they suspect they be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in at least two settings (such as at home, school, and work) and cause impairment to functioning. The symptoms must have appeared before the age of 12 and must not be caused by a different disorder, such as anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional uses various tools to evaluate the patient, such as ADHD symptoms lists as well as standardized scales of behaviour, and a detailed medical history. They can also speak with family members or friends to learn how the symptoms affect them. They will ask if the symptoms are similar to the symptoms of other mental health conditions or physical conditions.
Evaluations will consider whether the symptoms are mild, moderate or severe. They will also look at the person's medical history and family history to determine if there is no root reason for their symptoms like thyroid disorders or head injuries, or medications.
In some instances an examiner may decide to perform cognitive testing or request an imaging test to rule out other reasons for their symptoms, including mood disorders, learning disabilities, personality disorders or substance abuse. People who suffer from these issues tend to show different symptoms than those who do not have them. For example, boys tend to have hyperactive symptoms while girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD might be interested in participating in a clinical study to test out new treatments. This is a fantastic opportunity to continue research. However, participants should be aware that the main goal of these studies is scientific knowledge and is not a guarantee of treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect you have ADHD seek out a specialist who is certified to identify the disorder. Make adults diagnosed with adhd to check with your health insurance provider to determine if ADHD specialists are covered. You can also seek referrals from your family doctor or other health care professionals. Word-of-mouth recommendations are an alternative.
A doctor will speak with the patient -- or their parents, in the case of children -- about their symptoms. They may use standard questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, and request details from other people in the person's life, including spouses and family members. Personal experience often reveals more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also look over documents from the past and reports, particularly those from the past. Often, the diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history and, to be diagnosed with the condition, symptoms must be present from the age of a child (technically before age 12).
A physical examination is also carried out. It is a way to identify any other medical conditions that may be causing the symptoms, such as thyroid problems or seizure disorders. A neurological examination is often conducted by the expert to test motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, which are designed to assess intelligence and ability, might be utilized as well. In addition one could be asked to complete simple computer tasks to test attention and memory. This can help the expert determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive, or impulsive. The expert will decide on the treatment plan and provide an appropriate diagnosis. Treatment plans usually consist of therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy can teach adults and children healthy coping strategies and alter unhelpful thinking patterns. This therapy is usually performed by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who is specialized in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD improve their condition by taking medication, but it's not the only method to treat the condition. Children, teenagers and adults are also able to benefit from behavioral therapy, psychotherapy or a combination of both. These therapies assist them to cope and live with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, which is a form of education on ADHD and ways to manage it, could be included. They can include teachers, family members, and professionals.
It is essential to find an expert in mental health or health care professional with experience treating ADHD. You can ask other people who suffer from ADHD for suggestions or refer to a mental health provider you've met. You can also conduct an online search. It is best to locate a specialist who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The health care provider will inquire with you or your child about the symptoms and problems caused by ADHD. They will perform physical examinations and check for any other health issues that may cause similar symptoms. They will look over the medical and family history of your child or you along with school documents and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is primarily geared towards diagnosing children, has a more difficult diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your doctor will ask you or your child regarding their symptoms, and may ask other people who spend a lot of time with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine and atomoxetine, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine as well as certain antidepressants. They function by increasing and balancing levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.
adults diagnosed with adhd with ADHD also have co-occurring disorders, including anxiety or depression. Treatment should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients could benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills like time and task control, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Therapists can help patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. Regular exercise can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is crucial for people with ADHD tend to eat higher levels of sugar and fat and less fruits and vegetables than others. Making family and social relationships a priority can reduce anxiety and make people feel more in charge of their lives.
Another big benefit of an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives children and adults a clearer awareness of their difficulties. A child suffering from ADHD may have trouble communicating their demands to their teachers or friends. Once a teacher understands that this is not an issue that is solely because of a lack of time, they can make accommodations.
A professional who evaluates ADHD will ask questions that are targeted to the person's age, speak with family and teachers, read medical records, and check for any comorbid conditions. For adults, records from schools could be helpful in determining if the ADHD symptoms began before adulthood.
The specialist will also check for any vision or hearing problems. The doctor may also perform a blood test in order to test for certain hormones, and other health conditions which can cause ADHD-like signs and symptoms.